Breadboard

What is a breadboard?
A breadboard is used to build and test circuits quickly before finalizing any circuit
design. The breadboard has many holes into which circuit components like ICs and
resistors can be inserted. A typical breadboard is shown below:




The bread board has strips of metal which run underneath the board and connect the holes
on the top of the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below. Note that the top
and bottom rows of holes are connected horizontally while the remaining holes are
connected vertically.





To use the bread board, the legs of components are placed in the holes. Each set of holes
connected by a metal strip underneath forms a node. A node is a point in a circuit where
two components are connected. Connections between different components are formed
by putting their legs in a common node.
The long top and bottom row of holes are usually used for power supply connections. The
rest of the circuit is built by placing components and connecting them together with
jumper wires. ICs are placed in the middle of the board so that half of the legs are on one
side of the middle line and half on the other.
A completed circuit might look like the following.






Breadboarding tips:
It is important to breadboard a circuit neatly and systematically, so that one can debug it
and get it running easily and quickly. It also helps when someone else needs to
understand and inspect the circuit. Here are some tips:
1. Always use the side-lines for power supply connections. Power the chips from the
side-lines and not directly from the power supply.
2. Use black wires for ground connections (0V), and red for other power
connections.
3. Keep the jumper wires on the board flat, so that the board does not look cluttered.
4. Route jumper wires around the chips and not over the chips. This makes changing
the chips when needed easier.
5. You could trim the legs of components like resistors, transistors and LEDs, so that
they fit in snugly and do not get pulled out by accident.